Showing the Routing Table

Shows the entire routing table

Router#show ip route

Shows table about a specific protocol (Ex:RIP,IGRP,OSPF etc)

Router#show ip route

Shows info about route w.x.y.z

Router#show ip route w.x.y.z

Shows table of connected routes

Router#show ip route connected

Shows table of static routes

Router#show ip route static

Shows summary of all routes

Router#show ip route summary

The Ping Command

Checks for layer 3 connectivity with machine .

Router#ping ipaddress

or more Options
Router#ping

Possible ping output

!- Successful receipt of a reply

. -Time out

U-Destination unreachable

Q-destination too busy

M- Could not fragment

?-Unknown packet type

&-Packet lifetime exceeded

Example

Ping through IP address
Router#ping 192.168.0.1

Ping through IP host name
Router#ping remote

Extended Ping mode

Router#ping 192.168.0.1

Protocol [ip]:

Target IP address: 192.168.0.1

Repeat count [5]:100

Datagram size [100]:

Timeout in Seconds [2]:

Extended commands [n]: yes

Source address or interface: 10.0.10.1

Type of Service [0]

Set DF bit in IP header [no]

Validate reply data? [no]

Data Pattern [0xABCD]

Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp,
Verbose[none]:

Sweep range of sizes [no]:

Type escape sequence to abort Sending 100, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (100/100) round- trip min/avg/max = 1/1/4 ms

Configuring NAT: Many Private to 1 Public Address Translation

Configure static route on the remote router stating where public addresses should be routed.
Router(config)#ip route 203.189.xx.0 255.255.255.255.248 s0/0

Define a pool of usable public IP addresses on your router that will perform NAT (optional).
local(config)#ip nat pool NAT 203.189.xx.2 203.189.xx.2 netmask 255.255.255.248
NAT-Name of of pool(Any name will do)
203.189.xx.2-Start of pool
203.189.xx.2-End of pool
255.255.255.248-Subnet Mask

Configure an ACL that will identify which private IP addresses to be translated
local(config)#access-list 99 permit 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255

Option 1: Link the ACL to the outside public interface.
local(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 interface serial 0/0 overload

Option 2: Link the ACL to the pool of addresses. if you using the created pool
local(config)#ip nat inside source list 99 pool NAT overload

Define which interfaces are inside (Private Addresses)
local(config)#int fa 0/0
local(config-if)#ip nat inside

Define the outside interface (Public Address)
local(config)#int s 0/0
local(config-if)#ip nat outside

Dynamic NAT:1 is to 1 Public to Private translation

Configure static route on the remote router stating where public addresses should be routed.
Remote>ena
Remote#
Remote(config)#ip route 203.189.XX.1 255.255.255.255.128 s1/0

Define a pool of usable public IP addresses on your router that will perform NAT.

local(config)#ip nat pool NAT 203.189.XX.2 203.18.XX.125 netmask 255.255.255.128

Name of pool is NAT (Any name will do)
Start of pool is 203.189.XX.2
End of pool is 203.189.XX.125
Subnet mask is 255.255.255.128


Create an ACL that will identify which private IP addresses will be translated.
local(config)#access-list 99 permit 192.168.0.10 0.0.0.255

Link the (ACL) to the pool of addresses.
local(config)#ip nat inside source list 99 pool NAT

ACL 99:Source of Of the Private Addresses
NAT:Named of pool of avialable public address

Define which interfaces are inside (Private Network)

local(config)#int fa 1/0
local(config-if)#ip nat inside

Define the outside interface (Public Network)

local(config)#int s 1/0
local(config-if)#ip nat outside

Copying IOS to TFTP

For 2950 Switch

Switch#copy flash tftp
Source filename [ ]? c2950-c3h2s-mz.120-5.2.WC.1.bin

Address of TFTP server

Destination IP address or hostname [ ] 192.168.0.1

Destination filename [c2950-c3h2s-mz.120-5.2.WC.1.bin]?

Each bang symbol (!) = 1 datagram sent
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

1885921 bytes copied in 30.602 secs

Switch#

For 2900 Switch

Switch#copy flash:c2900XL-hs-mz-112.8.9-SA6.bin tftp

Source filename [c2900XL-hs-mz-112.8.9-SA6.bin]?

Destination IP address or hostname [ ] 192.168.0.1

Destination filename [c2900XL-hs-mz-112.8.9-SA6.bin]?

Each bang symbol (!) = 1 datagram sent

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

2119104 bytes copied in 20.03 secs

Switch#

Backing Up and Restoring/Upgrading IOS

Backing UP IOS to TFTP
Router#copy flash tftp

Name of IOS image

Source filename [ ]? c2900-js-l_122-2.bin

IP address of TFTP server

 Address or name of remote host [ ]? 192.168.0.1

Destination filename is the same as the source filename
 Destination filename [c2900-js-l_122-2.bin]?

 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 8500019 bytes copied in 301.23 seconds
Router#
Restoring/Upgrading IOS from TFTP

Denver#copy tftp flash

Address or name of remote host [ ]? 192.168.0.1
Source filename [ ]? c2900-js-l_122-2.bin
Destination filename [c200-js-l_122-2.bin]?

Accessing tftp://192.168.0.1 /c2900-js-l_122-2.bin

If Flash memory is full, must erase it first

Erase flash: before copying? [confirm]

Erasing the flash file system will remove all files
Continue? [confirm]

Each e represents data being erased

Erasing device eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee...erased

Loading c2900-js-l_122-2.bin from 192.168.0.1

Each bang symbol (!) = 1 datagram of data

(via) FastEthernet 1/0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Verifying Check sum .................. OK

[OK Bytes]8500019
8500019 bytes copied in 300.1 secs
Router#

Backing Up and Restoring Configuration

Backing Up Configuration

Save running-config to NVRAM
Router>ena
Router#copy run start

Copy running-config to remote TFTP server

Router#copy run tftp

IP address of TFTP server
Address or name of remote host[ ]?192.168.0.1 IP address of TFTP server

Name to use for file saved on TFTP server
Destination Filename [Backup-confg]?

Each bang symbol (!) = 1 datagram of data


!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

512 bytes copied in 6.1 secs

File has been transferred successfully

Router#

Restoring Configuration

Copy configuration file from TFTP server to DRAM

Router#copy tftp run

IP address of TFTP server

Address or name of remote host[ ]?192.168.0.1

Enter the name of the file you want to retrieve

Source filename [ ]?Backup-config
Destination filename [running-config]?

Accessing tftp://192.168.119.20/Denver-confg...
Loading Backup-config from 192.168.0.1
(via Fast Ethernet 1/0):

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
[OK-512 bytes]
512 bytes copied in 6.3 secs

File has been transferred successfully

Denver#

Note:

You can also use the above sequence for a "copy tftp start" command sequence.

Router Boot System Commands

On this configuration, the Router will Look for the IOS on this sequence,Flash,TFTP,ROM.

Loads IOS with image-name from Flash

Router(config)#boot system flash image-name

Loads IOS with image-name from a TFTP server

Router(config)#boot system tftp image-name 192.168.1.1

Loads IOS from ROM

Router(config)#boot system rom

Router(config)#exit

Saves running-configuration to NVRAM.

Router#copy run start

Basic Router Configuration

This Configuration mainly focused on IOS 3600 software version 12.2 but it may applies to other version.


Router>enable
Router#config t

Changing Hostname
Router(config)#hostname RouterA

Setting System Clock
RouterA# clock set 12:30:00 10 Dec 2000

Setting the Banner
RouterA(config)# banner motd #Welcome#

Setting Privileged Access Password
RouterA(config)#enable password mypassword
or

With username
RouterA(config)#username user1 password mypassword

RouterA(config)#enable secret mypassword2

Console Password
RouterA(config)# line console 0
RouterA(config-line)# password mypassword

VTY Lines Password
Router(config)# line vty 0 4
Router(config-line)# password mypassword
Router(config-line)# login local (If you use username ing ptivileged access password)
or
(Optional) with Telnet Access List

RouterA(config)# access-list 99 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
RouterA(config)# line vty 0 4
RouterA(config-line)# password mypassword
RouterA(config-line)# access-class 99 in
Router(config-line)# login local (If you use username in ptivileged access password)

Setting the Description for an Interface

RouterA(config)# interface serial 0
RouterA(config-if)# description To Mynetwork

Assigning IP Address for an Interface
RouterA(config)# interface serial 0
RouterA(config-if)# ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
RouterA(config-if)no shut

DHCP Configuration for Cisco router

router>ena
router#config t
router(config)#ip dhcp pool name
router(config)#network 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.240
router(config)#dns-server 10.189.10.1
router(config)#default-router 192.168.10.1
router(config)#lease infinite
router(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.10.1
router(config)#service dhcp